Complete the following quiz based on the readings and activities in this module. Keep track of your selected answers and then compare them to the suggested answers.

Multiple choice test items

1. The force which is mostly likely to resist innovation is
   1. lack of knowledge how to change
   2. leadership, process failures
   3. fear
   4. lack of funds
   5. lack of time

1. The creation of sustainable reform is grounded in
   1. political influence and cultural assumptions
   2. tradition
   3. established habits
   4. existing structures within educational organizations
   5. committed leaders and ensured funding
      
2. Resistance to change can be overcome by
   1. Involving resistors in analyzing the nature of the problem
   2. sharing the vision
   3. increasing rewards for participation
   4. effective modeling of change by leaders
   5. changing the structure to accommodate the change
      
3. Many successful reforms such as the Dalton Plan and the Eight Year Study which increased learning were not sustained because of
   1. dominance of colleges and universities over secondary school programming
   2. intensive labor demands on involved faculty
   3. public demands for secure, traditional, conservative frameworks
   4. alternative motivation (prestige) rather than belief in vision
   5. all of the above
      
4. Two recurrent problems in reformation efforts which contribute to a lack of sustainability are
   1. lack of money and political influence
   2. intramural reform and high turnover
   3. school and teacher reform change during implementation
   4. lack of teacher input and training
   5. student and community alienation
      
5. One of the initial causes of failure in transformation efforts is the lack of urgency or motivation to change the status quo. The critical mass required that must be convinced that change is necessary is
   1. 10% of the top executives of an organization
   2. 75% of the management of an organization
   3. the top CEOs and all of the senior management
   4. 100% of all senior management
   5. 75% of the workers
      
6. At times, it is preferable to bring in outside leaders or consultants to begin the change process because
   1. unpleasant facts arises from past administration must be discussed
   2. if the news comes from the existing leader, there is a human tendency to shoot the bearer of bad news
   3. the status quo must be seen as more dangerous than the unknown
   4. an objective inquiry into the nature of the problem is required
   5. all of the above
      
7. Most senior executives fail to communicate a vision by not
   1. incorporating vision messages in daily activities
   2. publishing the vision in newsletters
   3. attending department meetings
   4. organizing a public relations campaign
   5. all of the above
      
8. Removing obstacles such as narrow job categories, performance appraisal systems, and inconsistent bosses is a necessary step in leading change. Failure to do so results in
   1. lack of empowerment to change and loss of credibility of vision
   2. small pockets of change instead of overall change
   3. polarity within an organization
   4. cynicism within the ranks of the workers
   5. loss of pressure to change
      
9. Anchoring change within the culture of the organization can be accomplished by
   1. incorporating the next generation of managers who personify the new approach
   2. showing workers how the change has helped to improve effectiveness
   3. removing barriers to change within the organization
   4. a and b
   5. b and c
      
10. Studies show that the use of alternative delivery systems in a classroom
    1. Reduces face to face instruction
    2. give more control of learning to the students
    3. changes the social dynamics of the classroom
    4. benefits only those students already motivated to learn
    5. benefits only those students in need of remedial assistance
       
11. When using teacher input in planning ADS in instructional programs, it is important to note that
    1. Teachers' voices are unreliable because researchers romanticize teacher behaviors by selecting those who share the same values and concern as them
    2. student have a better perception of what goes in a class than teachers do
    3. teacher willingness to change is limited to how and where they have been teaching
    4. negative and skeptical attitudes are a result of decline in physical powers and marginalization by administration, not faults within the change project
    5. teachers' voices should come from a variety of contexts
       
12. Secondary teachers are influenced most by
    1. the policies of school boards
    2. the opinions of their principals
    3. the learning ability of their students
    4. their departments
    5. their professional associations
       
13. An examination of factors that oppose and push for change is called
    1. a mission statement
    2. force field analysis
    3. risk - reward rations
    4. SWOT analysis
    5. needs assessment

15. Covey (1992)) maintains that most change initiatives suffer from false starts because of

1. defensive or protective communication
2. lack of principled foundations
3. interpersonal rivalry
4. interdepartmental positioning and manipulating
5. a focus on methods and procedures instead of results